Rwanda

Rwanda's public debt stands at 84.9% of GDP, exceeding the 55% prudential benchmark. This elevated ratio signals constrained fiscal space and heightened vulnerability to economic shocks. The government may face increasing difficulty financing social programs and infrastructure investment without further borrowing.

The most widely used measure of overall indebtedness relative to economic activity. It reflects the government's solvency capability and long-term fiscal space.

In 2025, Rwanda received $1.3B in disbursements while repaying $0.7B — a net inflow of $0.6B. The country is receiving more resources than it is repaying, providing additional financing for development.

Rwanda has 18.0% of its debt maturing within one year, exceeding the 15% refinancing risk threshold. This elevated short-term exposure creates significant rollover risk — the government must frequently return to capital markets to refinance, leaving it vulnerable to sudden interest rate spikes or market closure.