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Kenya

Republic of Kenya
East Africa•AU•Lower-Middle Income
POPULATION
56M
Public Debt / GDP
38.4%
2025
External Debt / GDP
17.3%
2025
Debt Svc / Revenue
16%
2025
Debt Svc / Exports
18%
2025
Interest / Revenue
8.6%
2025

Debt Composition & Creditor Analysis

External vs Domestic Debt

External
Debt
45%
Domestic
Debt
55%

By Creditor Type

Multilateral35%
Bilateral25%
Paris Club15%
Eurobond15%
Other Priv.10%

By Instrument Type

Bonds39.1%
Loans51.7%
Other11.8%

Average Lending Terms (External)

%
7%
Interest
⏱
18yr
Maturity
⏱
7yr
Grace
No active restructuring

CAP Pillar 2: Debt Management Quality

Data Dissemination
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Debt Strategy (MTDS)
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Borrowing Plan
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Domestic Market Dev.
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Comprehensive Debt Analytics

Explore in-depth macroeconomic vulnerability, fiscal sustainability, and sovereign risk indicators for Kenya.

Vulnerability Indicator Explorer

Select an indicator to analyze Kenya's performance against international benchmarks.

38.4%
Current (2025)
+2.8 pp YoY
Above 35% target
Analysis

Kenya's public debt stands at 38.4% of GDP, exceeding the 35% prudential benchmark. This elevated ratio signals constrained fiscal space and heightened vulnerability to economic shocks. The government may face increasing difficulty financing social programs and infrastructure investment without further borrowing.

The most widely used measure of overall indebtedness relative to economic activity. It reflects the government's solvency capability and long-term fiscal space.

Net Financial Flows

Disbursements (Inflows) vs Principal & Interest Repayments (Outflows).

Net Positive Flows

In 2025, Kenya received $5.4B in disbursements while repaying $3.5B — a net inflow of $1.9B. The country is receiving more resources than it is repaying, providing additional financing for development.

Profile of Maturing Debts (2025)

Breakdown of short-term (<1 year), medium-term (1-9 years) and long-term (10+ years) debt liabilities.

Short-Term (<1 yr)
$4.1B
7.8% of total
Medium-Term (1-9 yrs)
$19.9B
38.0% of total
Long-Term (10+ yrs)
$28.3B
54.1% of total
Analysis

With only 7.8% of debt maturing within one year, Kenya maintains a healthy maturity profile. The predominance of medium and long-term instruments ($48.2B) reduces refinancing pressure and provides greater fiscal predictability.